This paper introduces the application progress of response surface method in reliability analysis and proposes an iterative response surface method based on high-dimensional model representation (HDMR) expansion. After detailing the basic principles of calculating structural reliability using HDMR response surface method, several numerical examples are calculated using Matlab language, and the results of other calculation methods are given for comparative analysis. The results show that the method proposed in this paper has high efficiency and reliable accuracy, and has certain practicality in structural reliability analysis.