It is very important to monitor the prestress of large structures in bridge, along soil and other engineering fields. Bolts are often used to fix components in large structures. When faults such as tilting occur in large structures, the stress carried by bolts fixing components will change. This paper studies and designs a wireless intelligent bolt and monitoring system, which can monitor the prestress carried by these bolts in real time. The wireless intelligent bolt can not only be used individually, but also can be used in networking, so as to flexibly monitor the prestress and structural balance of large structures. At the same time, this paper discusses two kinds of system working mode and its algorithm, the working mode is only the typical working mode of the system, according to the specific engineering application, the working mode can be changed.