Asphalt pavement is the common type of highway pavement in our country at present, it has the advantages of durable anti-skid, solid and smooth, and can provide safe and comfortable conditions for vehicle driving. However, due to the influence of environment, climate and other factors, local settlement, rutting, oil flooding, cracks and other diseases often occur. This paper briefly discusses the causes of the main diseases of asphalt concrete pavement, and puts forward the countermeasures against the diseases for reference.