In this paper, LS-DYNA finite element software is used to numerically simulate the performance of caverns reinforced with general anchorage structure and special composite anchorage structure respectively under explosion load. In this paper, the stress wave propagation and the formation process of explosion crater, the pressure wave in the surrounding rock near the explosion and the formation process of zone fracture of the composite anchorage structure are analyzed. The results show that the calculated crater sizes of the two models are in good agreement with the experimental results. The new composite anchorage section makes a local free surface appear in the weakened zone outside the anchorage zone, and the reflected tension wave produced by the explosion stress wave passing through the free surface leads to the fracture. The peak value of vertical vibration acceleration is 23.7% lower than that of single caverns. The single anchorage structure cavity is more prone to punching failure and tensile spalling failure than the composite anchorage structure cavity.