In order to study the antiknock performance of the new composite anchorage structure, the field comparison test of the antiknock effect of the structure and the single anchorage structure in rock was carried out. The test results show that the critical failure load of the new composite anchorage structure cavity is 178% of that of the single anchorage structure cavity. In terms of damage degree, the single anchorage structure cavity is 2.5 times that of the new composite anchorage structure cavity. The optimization design of composite anchorage structure is a problem, and the optimization design factors include: diameter of empty hole, density of empty hole, depth of empty hole and depth of anchorage zone. The energy absorption effect of the new composite anchorage structure is very significant, and it is completely feasible to be used for anti-explosion reinforcement of rock medium caverns, and has remarkable technical and economic effects.