The prefabricated assembly construction has become the trend of urban bridge construction. However, urban wide bridges with huge traffic demand usually have a large amount of lower structure bent caps. The length of the bent caps is often greater than 25 m, and the weight is usually more than 300 t. The transportation conditions of the overall prefabricated bent caps are limited by roads, and the overall lifting tonnage is too large. The precast assembly technology of bent cap has been widely valued and developed rapidly. In this paper, the prefabricated assembly technology of bent cap is classified and the typical engineering cases are introduced. The performance research status of prefabricated bent cap is summarized, and the existing shortcomings and improvement directions of bent cap prefabricated assembly technology are summarized.