In order to study the application of fiber Bragg grating prestressed carbon fiber sheets in actual bridge reinforcement projects and their working mechanism with concrete, a continuous beam bridge in Shandong Province was taken as an engineering example. Using on-site reinforcement, load testing, and finite element analysis methods, load tests were carried out before and after reinforcement, and the test results before and after reinforcement were compared. The results show that the cooperative working ability of fiber Bragg grating prestressed carbon fiber sheets and concrete beams is good, and it has a significant effect on improving the bearing capacity of bridges.