There are many and complex factors that affect the anchoring effect of prestressed anchor cables, and each factor also affects each other. The loss of anchoring force is closely related to the properties of rock and soil. Through theoretical analysis, experimental research, numerical simulation, and other methods, the influence mechanism of creep deformation and compression deformation of rock and soil on anchoring force loss is studied. The law of prestressed anchor cable anchoring force loss caused by hard rock, weak rock, broken rock, and soil is studied. The research shows that the properties of rock and soil are different, The loss of anchoring force caused by prestressed anchor cables is also different: the better the quality of the rock and soil, the smaller the loss of anchoring force under the same initial anchoring force conditions. This research achievement can guide the design, construction, and operation management of anchoring engineering, which is beneficial for improving the economic and social benefits of anchoring engineering