Metal components in the process of processing will produce residual stress, residual stress is too large will cause serious harm to the components, such as reducing the strength of the components, reducing the fatigue limit of the workpiece, causing stress corrosion and brittle fracture, residual stress relaxation, deformation of the components, affecting the dimensional accuracy of the components. It is very important to reduce and eliminate the residual stress of the component. There are many techniques for residual stress relief, among which vibration aging is simple and effective. At the same time, there are many techniques for residual stress testing, among which the blind hole method is less destructive, has strong applicability, high data detection accuracy, and simple test process and operation. In this paper, the causes of the formation of residual stress, the techniques of eliminating it and measuring it are discussed in detail, and an example of vibration aging and measuring residual stress is given. The discussion of this paper has important reference value for the relevant engineering and technical personnel.