The influence of the prestressed implementation process on the optimization design result is analyzed, and the whole process optimization design concept of prestressed steel structure is discussed. Based on the unified description of the prestressing process, the mathematical model of the whole process optimization design of the prestressed steel structure is established, and from the Angle of the initial deformation of the cable, based on the construction mechanics analysis theory of the prestressed steel structure, the calculation method of the optimization model constraint conditions of the whole process analysis is discussed. Finally, according to the hierarchical optimization idea, the design variables in the optimization model are divided into several levels, and a three-level optimization method is constructed to solve the optimization model. The numerical results show that the whole process optimization design method has high efficiency and good stability, and can consider the influence of different prestressing processes on the optimization results. If the sequence of tensioning batches of each prestressing stage is given, the corresponding tensioning control scheme of prestressing stage can be output at the same time, so as to realize the overall optimization of the structural design scheme and the prestressing implementation scheme.