With the continuous development of bridge engineering in our country, the durability and safety of bridge structure have gradually developed into the key issues. This paper mainly analyzes the problems and countermeasures of these two aspects. Among them, the durability of bridge structure is mainly reflected in the cracking of concrete cable-stayed bridge, the deflection of concrete beam bridge and the fatigue crack of orthotropic steel bridge deck. The durability design practice mainly involves the cracking resistance of concrete beam, the improvement of orthotropic steel bridge deck and the durability guarantee of large Bridges. Based on the statistics of bridge failure accidents at home and abroad in recent years and the analysis of the causes of bridge failure, the main problems of bridge structure safety are expounded.