In the study of the static uniaxial test of the new composite anchorage structure, three groups of comparative tests were carried out, that is, different specific area, different material strength and different weakening hole depth were considered. The test results show that: (1) In the three groups of single factor comparison test, the three groups of specimens with larger area, higher material strength and deeper weakening hole have more obvious weakening effect; (2) The thickness of anchoring zone is the fourth factor affecting weakening effect; (3) The specific area, weakening hole depth and anchoring zone thickness all have the best values, which can make the weakening effect optimal; (4) The mechanism of the weakening effect is that under the condition that the thickness of the anchoring zone is sufficient, the weakening zone generally goes through various stages of deformation - large deformation - fracturing - crushing - compaction, and at the same time absorbs a large amount of explosion energy, so that the crisis of the anchoring zone (including the surface of the cavity) can be transferred, and therefore has huge economic and technical effects. The experimental research provides the necessary basis for the optimization design of the weakening effect of the new composite anchorage structure.